# 一拳搞定 Kubernetes | 安装 Minikube 本文介绍如何在[本机]^(mac)运行 Minikube 来安装 kubernetes 集群. ## 一、前言本篇是整个 kubernetes 的开篇，只有安装好了 kubernetes 集群，我们才能愉快的在容器编排的海洋畅游。为何选择 minikube？因为它只需要按照官方文档执行简单的命令就可以运行，上手简单，推荐使用。 {{< admonition tip "小贴士" >}} 自行备好 docker， linux 等常规知识 {{< /admonition >}} ## 二、Minikube 操作 > [安装参考](https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube/) ### 2-1. 暂停 Minikube ```bash minikube stop ``` 输出: ```bash * Stopping "minikube" in hyperkit ... * "minikube" 已停止 ``` ### 2-2. 启动 ```bash minikube start ``` 输出: ```bash * Darwin 10.15.6 上的 minikube v1.6.2 - KUBECONFIG=/Users/tc/.kube/config.22 * Selecting 'hyperkit' driver from existing profile (alternates: []) * Tip: Use 'minikube start -p ' to create a new cluster, or 'minikube delete' to delete this one. * Starting existing hyperkit VM for "minikube" ... * Waiting for the host to be provisioned ... ^[* 正在 Docker '19.03.5' 中准备 Kubernetes v1.17.0… * 正在启动 Kubernetes ... * 完成！kubectl 已经配置至 "minikube" ``` ### 2-3. 启动 dashboard ```bash minikube dashboard ``` 输出: ```bash * Verifying dashboard health ... * Launching proxy ... * Verifying proxy health ... * Opening http://127.0.0.1:58368/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/ in your default browser... ``` 会自动跳转到浏览器： {{< figure src="/2020/10/minikube-install/dashboard.png" title="dashboard" >}} ### 2-4. 查看 service 的 URL ```bash minikube service hello-minikube --url ``` ### 2-5. 删除 Minikube 集群 ```bash minikube delete ``` 输出: ```bash * Deleting "minikube" ... * The "minikube" cluster has been deleted. ``` ## 三、kubernetes 操作创建 deployment ```bash kubectl create deployment hello-minikube --image=k8s.gcr.io/echoserver:1.4 kubectl expose deployment hello-minikube --type=NodePort --port=8080 ``` 请注意看这个 `--type=NodePort`，它表示了服务暴露的模式，也就是你要访问到 k8s 里面一个运行程序的途径。 ## 四、补充说明 ### 3-1. 不能暴露 service 当创建的 service 不加 `--type=NodePort`，在 minikube 获取不到 service url。 ```bash minikube service nginx-deployment --namespace=test --url ``` 输出： ```bash |-----------|------------------|-------------|--------------| | NAMESPACE | NAME | TARGET PORT | URL | |-----------|------------------|-------------|--------------| | test | nginx-deployment | | No node port | |-----------|------------------|-------------|--------------| * service test/nginx-deployment has no node port ``` 正常情况输出： ```bash http://192.168.64.3:31022 ``` 请求这个地址： ```bash curl http://192.168.64.3:31022 Welcome to nginx!

Welcome to nginx!

If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.

For online documentation and support please refer to nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at nginx.com.

Thank you for using nginx.

``` 有输出，表示请求到了 k8s 集群部署的 nginx。 ### 3-2. dashboard 打不开了在电脑从公司带回家再次来到公司的时候，出现了一些网络问题，比如 dashboard 无法打开，在浏览器回车 dashboard 地址, 类似：http://127.0.0.1:63999/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/#/service?namespace=default 后返回: ```json { "kind": "Status", "apiVersion": "v1", "metadata": { }, "status": "Failure", "message": "no endpoints available for service \"http:kubernetes-dashboard:\"", "reason": "ServiceUnavailable", "code": 503 } ``` 这时候建议 stop minikube 后再重新启动. ### 3-3. kubeconfig {{< admonition tip "小贴士" >}} 这份配置在后续 client-go 连接集群的时候也会讲到，是访问集群的身份认证信息配置文件。 {{< /admonition >}} 如上面启动时候的输出一份配置： `- KUBECONFIG=/Users/tc/.kube/config.22` 这里 KUBECONFIG 是可以通过环境变量指定的，比如我本地： `export KUBECONFIG=/Users/tc/.kube/config.22` 里面的内容如下： ```bash cat /Users/tc/.kube/config.22 apiVersion: v1 clusters: - cluster: certificate-authority-data: LS0tLS1CRUdJTiBDRVJUSUZJQ0FURS0tLS0tCk1JSURBVENDQWVtZ0F3SUJBZ0lKQU91U0IwYkU3VGIrTUEwR0NTcUdTSWIzRFFFQkN3VUFNQmN4RlRBVEJnTlYKQkFNTURERXdMakUxTWk0eE9ETXVNVEFlRncweE9URXlNekF3TmpVek1qTmFGdzAwTnpBMU1UY3dOalV6TWpOYQpNQmN4RlRBVEJnTlZCQU1NRERFd0xqRTFNaTR4T0RNdU1UQ0NBU0l3RFFZSktvWklodmNOQVFFQkJRQURnZ0VQCkFEQ0NBUW9DZ2dFQkFNazV4T2tXb0RXUzdRdFZhOFFCN21DbFFCeC90N2VHdXpEdENYVXYyWU8wcVBJa3RHRVQKaDZkM2dFQ3kzK0ZVVGhDWTF1U2gzYkhDT2wybXJPWnJmN21DelVPdDJZSWQ3QWFVOEVZQzN6dDl6L2d3NTdBWgpWeHE4L3NYZUNQSlBQZXVpOTR0b252cTBSNXNVMm0veTB3UFJMdTFkS052cUV6K05YNFRPUnpCcVpNeVoycXU0CjNMazJCMkNycXJnOXQ1Wks0cU9wQTMwZUxYNHMwVlZUN042RkdFWlRFMTkzdXNLc2dkV2FGb1pJcnh6LzZDbUUKemlDektMcVZiNzAxdWJVZXlCTEU0OER4cVVyZTdtYkoxSWI0VUU5NjE1cDhuSml2UlRJdXZ5aUlxazFieEQ5RwpkaVNEMTdUV1NpTnUwelUyQkJWaEV4OTRYbDcwcENucnhxRUNBd0VBQWFOUU1FNHdIUVlEVlIwT0JCWUVGS29jClFUVE1RYTF1TzZMVk1nVEd0WndsMFNxek1COEdBMVVkSXdRWU1CYUFGS29jUVRUTVFhMXVPNkxWTWdUR3Rad2wKMFNxek1Bd0dBMVVkRXdRRk1BTUJBZjh3RFFZSktvWklodmNOQVFFTEJRQURnZ0VCQUZodlYwVkxGMlRYU0hTLwpGeXBQNG1jMy8vWG9RdWRrUUdNSTJQWDNmNk8xWlBteFVrOGpiMnhiUmJ0aGhTcU5BU0xPSGdSQnRqYjF1UnVaCi96NVliRnhpTEFXdWYyd3FoSzJtRkl4WHg2enF1bExremszRFMxRjZnVWxhYS9hRXoxWW5XdWhUdzArenRtYkkKQkdENnRaTUM3ZDA1YlhseTREQkNtZklPclNNUW14eURvN0IxV1RHWklpd2NwSzN5clJsUEFCc2w5dnJUcit0RQoydUwxaytoYnB3ZjRreVZrNzNRZWdWTGZaK3Q3ZUZRVUpCMDR2V1RSdmtQcVdoTWhqQXRTR1FObG80TVJ3eklWCit2TDUyVGcxZjNXb09LRldyQkQzM1MzOGhLWlpJbzVKUDlPMmxDUU9VRXhRVzZEcmN0UEp0bmhRbHdEUjQ0a04KL1FxNmFNZz0KLS0tLS1FTkQgQ0VSVElGSUNBVEUtLS0tLQo= server: https://30.11.44.31:16443 name: microk8s-cluster - cluster: certificate-authority: /Users/tc/.minikube/ca.crt server: https://192.168.64.3:8443 name: minikube contexts: - context: cluster: microk8s-cluster user: admin name: microk8s - context: cluster: minikube user: minikube name: minikube current-context: minikube kind: Config preferences: {} users: - name: admin user: password: d0F2R1hDc2RYUEgxWFA4RGtpWVdFQldHM2xrU0Q2M3czZ3ovK3YzNXJxaz0K username: admin - name: minikube user: client-certificate: /Users/tc/.minikube/client.crt client-key: /Users/tc/.minikube/client.key ``` 也可以执行命令 `kubectl config view` 是一样的效果。如果要访问多个 k8s 集群，可以通过在 `kubectl` 命令加上 `--kubeconfig=[位置]` 来实现。 ## 五、参考 https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/setup/learning-environment/minikube/ https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/start/ https://kubernetes.io/zh/docs/concepts/configuration/organize-cluster-access-kubeconfig/